This paper recounts the results of a medico-technical study of the successful experience of Iran during the Iran-Iraq war.It draws mainly on the first-hand experiences of the first author in design and construction of military medical care buildings during the war.To this end, it explains five levels of military medical care system that include: (i

Ever since Varela and Maturana proposed the concept of autopoiesis as the minimal requirement for life, there has been a focus on cellular systems that erect topological boundaries to separate themselves from their surrounding environment.Here, we reconsider whether the existence of such a spatial boundary is strictly necessary for self-producing e

In 2012 the need for meat for consumption or industrial materials in Indonesia reached 484,000 tons and increased to 686,270 tons in 2019.The high demand for meat causes the intensity of slaughter to also increase so that the existence of slaughterhouses is very necessary.In the implementation process, RPH must pay attention to several aspects so t